Concentrated questions about fertilizer and fertilization techniques

Long-term drought in North China and other places, many farmers asked: How should winter wheat be irrigated, fertilized and managed in the field?

A: The drought is more serious. According to the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and relevant departments, the technical measures for wheat field management are “watering and topdressing, protecting seedlings and roots; suppressing and arranging, ensuring warming”. Countermeasures should be taken for specific seedlings and drought conditions. For the drought-affected wheat fields with irrigated conditions and better wintering seedlings, when the average temperature of the day is stable above 3 °C, it can be poured with small water in the afternoon on sunny days; the affected seedlings with puddle conditions but weaker wintering conditions At the same time as watering, proper topdressing and slashing should be carried out; for plots without hydration conditions, they should be repressed. Compared with normal years, because wheat is subject to different degrees of damage, the amount of fertilizer applied should not be too large. For the general drought-affected wheat fields with irrigation conditions, it is recommended to apply 3~5 kg of urea to the green period, and start the jointing period, and apply 5~10 kg of urea per mu. For the fields with good lyrics, the soil can be covered after ditch without watering. For the field that can not be filled with water, it can be sprayed several times with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, but the concentration should not be too high, urea is generally not over 0.5%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is not more than 0.3%.

Mr. Guo from Xinxiang, Henan Province asked: Is it better to use urea in the compounding fertilizer for topdressing and wheat in the jointing stage?

A: The application of urea is quick, so topdressing fertilizers should be quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and ammonium bicarbonate. If the base fertilizer is insufficient or there is no phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the appropriate amount of high-nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer can be applied, while the general-purpose compound fertilizer has poor water solubility and slow effect. Generally not suitable for use.

Mr. Cui of Jilin Yanji asked: Is it good to use corn-based compound fertilizer or corn-specific compound fertilizer?

A: As long as the application is reasonable, both fertilizers are good and can be used. If the general-purpose compound fertilizer is used, it is mainly used as the base fertilizer, and then the appropriate amount of urea and other nitrogen fertilizers are used as top dressing; if the special type compound fertilizer is used, because the nitrogen content is high, it is suitable for one-time fertilization, but the fertilizer is preferably sustained release, and Appropriate deep application or stratification.

Mr. Sun from Jinzhou, Liaoning Province: Why do the high-tower granulation compound fertilizer have small holes? Can it be used to grow corn?

Answer: The small hole of the high-tower compound fertilizer is caused by the different shrinkage rates of urea, phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride when the molten compound fertilizer is cooled. The fertilizer nutrient is characterized by high nitrogen, low phosphorus and low potassium (such as 30-5-5), which can be used as top dressing. If it is used as base fertilizer, it needs to be supplemented with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, especially potassium fertilizer.

Ms. Xu from Pingdu, Shandong asked: Can the application rate of farmyard manure and commercial organic fertilizer be converted to each other? Can I use commercial organic fertilizer instead of farmyard manure?

A: Because the composition and effects of these two fertilizers are complex and difficult to convert directly, according to the basic content of the main nutrients and production experience, it can be roughly estimated as follows:

Commercial organic fertilizer application amount = fermented farmyard fertilizer application amount × conversion factor (0.11 ~ 0.13)

Among them, the higher the quality of farmyard manure, the greater the value of the conversion factor. For example, an exposed tomato has a fermented organic fertilizer of 3000-4000 kg, with a coefficient of 0.13, and the commercial organic fertilizer application amount is about 390-455 kg.

Due to the small amount of commercial organic fertilizer applied, the soil-reducing effect is limited. It is not possible to use commercial organic fertilizer instead of farmyard manure for a long time, and at least 3 to 5 years to apply farmyard manure. (Senior Consultant of Sinofert Company, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)

The Farmers Daily (February 18, 2011, 07 edition)
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