In a general sense, it is widely believed that biological pesticides are safe for the environment and ecology. At the recent International Conference on Pesticide and Environmental Safety, Academician Cai Daoji, Academician of the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, proposed: Pay attention to the harm of biological pesticides to environmental organisms. Biological pesticides are not equal to safety. This reporter interviewed Academician Cai.
Human use of pesticides has evolved from biological pesticides to chemical pesticides. The direct use of natural products dates back to the 7th-5th centuries BC. Three major plant insecticides (pyrethrum, fish vine, tobacco) have been used for centuries. Since the 1940s, the obvious advantages of chemical pesticides have made the development and utilization of natural materials at a low tide. However, due to the high toxicity of chemical pesticides, people's awareness of environmental and ecological protection has increased, and since the 1970s, there has been interest in biological pesticides. Academician Cai told reporters that although bio-pesticide has better compatibility with the environment and lower toxicity to humans, it cannot be ignored that bio-pesticide is harmful to environmental organisms, such as using tripterygium and tobacco. The biological pesticides are highly toxic to birds, bees and silkworms, and some biological pesticides are even more toxic than chemical pesticides. Therefore, in order to comprehensively evaluate environmental safety, it is necessary to pay attention to this problem of biological pesticides. Academician Cai stressed that if you do not pay attention to this problem, it will cause ecological imbalance, which is not only a damage to valuable ecological resources, but also the harm to people is inevitable. Therefore, biological pesticides are not equal to "safety."
So what do you think about bio-pesticide? Academician Cai said that although bio-pesticide is not absolutely perfect, its advantages are obvious. Isn't there a "three-point drug"? This is also true for bio-pesticides. Therefore, the development of bio-pesticides also has a problem of profit-making and elimination, and strives to be efficient, safe and cheap in production. The other is to strengthen the management of pesticides, management is not good, and there are problems with good medicine. For example, Academician Cai said that it is known to be a poison in the case of arsenic, but it can cure the disease as well. With good bio-pesticides, users who use improper management can also have adverse consequences. This is a very simple truth, but it is not easy to do this. At present, our management level is still not high, and the cultural quality of users' farmers needs to be improved. In particular, there is still a lot of work to be done to let them know about the insecurity of biological pesticides. At the same time, to make bio-pesticides safe and reliable, there are many departments involved: chemical, health, environmental, and agricultural. It can be said that it is a large system engineering. So there is still a lot of work to be done.
At present, the use of biological pesticides in the world is still very small, and it is also true in China. Chemical pesticides will also play a dominant role in a long period of history. If we do not use chemical pesticides, we will see that crops will reduce production by 30%--50%. Academician Cai said that it is not clear whether it will be replaced by biological pesticides in the future. However, due to the low toxicity of bio-pesticide to crops and the direct harm to humans, its development prospects are optimistic. But the more so, the more we should pay attention to its harm to environmental organisms. In order to avoid unintended consequences, it will be difficult to go back and re-govern.
Biological pesticides
Cai Daoji, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, pointed out that although biological pesticides are less toxic to humans, their harm to environmental organisms cannot be ignored.
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