Fertilization technology for autumn sowing crops

The following five major technical points should be mastered in the fertilization of autumn-sown crops:

1. Comprehensive application of organic fertilizer

It is guaranteed to apply more than 1500 kg of organic fertilizer per acre to achieve the combination of land and land for cultivation and fertilization to increase yield. Note: Organic fertilizer should be fully piled and decomposed before application.

2. Scientific application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer according to local conditions

At present, the commonly used chemical nitrogen fertilizer varieties are mainly ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium chloride and the like. However, it should be noted that ammonium nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium phosphate should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as calcium magnesium phosphate, grass ash and lime. Otherwise, ammonia volatilization will occur and the fertilizer effect will be reduced; Do not put the fertilizer directly into the seed when controlling the fertilizer, and control the application amount, no more than 2.5 kg per mu. Because urea contains biuret, the concentration is too high, the seed will be poisoned, affecting the seed germination; ammonium bicarbonate should not be applied to the soil surface too For a long time, avoid shallow application, immediately after application, cover soil or appropriate deep application, because the nature of ammonium bicarbonate is extremely unstable, it is easy to volatilize, so that nutrients are lost; all nitrogen fertilizer should be used together with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

3. Use special compound (mixed) fertilizer

The special composite (mixed) fertilizer contains various nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients required for the growth of crops, and the yield can be increased by 10%-15% compared with the single chemical fertilizer or customary fertilization. Become the preferred fertilizer in autumn production.

4. Correct choice of potassium dihydrogen phosphate

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a high-concentration, high-concentration and high-quality phosphorus and potassium 2-element high-efficiency compound fertilizer, which is commonly applied to autumn-sown crops such as wheat and rape. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used as a base fertilizer or as a top dressing. When using the base fertilizer, the amount of 7.5-10 kg per acre of autumn-sown crops is applied with nitrogen fertilizer; the topdressing is mainly carried out by spraying, from the seedling stage to the middle and late growth stages, and the spraying concentration is 0.4%-0.5%. That is, every 50 kg of water is 0.2kg-0.25kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. It is required to be fully dissolved, and it can be used with the seedlings. According to the condition of the seedlings, the spraying times can be 2-3 times.

5. Targeted application of high-quality micro-fertilizers such as boron, molybdenum and zinc

Among the autumn-sown crops, rapeseed, fruit trees, etc. belong to the favorite boron crop, which is very sensitive to boron. Although the amount of crops required is very small, it is generally accepted to have the effect of “finishing the finishing touch” and “adding flowers to the brocade” after application. The application of boron in rapeseed and fruit trees is generally carried out at a base of 0.5-1 kg per mu. Foliar spray can also be applied. The use of boron fertilizer is 0.1-0.2 kg, and 40-50 kg of water is sprayed. That is, one mu of seed can be mixed with 12 grams of molybdenum fertilizer, and zinc is generally applied directly with zinc fertilizer of 1-1.5 kg.
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