Bio-acid is a new-generation feed additive high-tech product developed by modern microcapsule coating production technology. According to the digestive physiology characteristics of pigs and poultry, it is slowly released at the digestive tract, killing intestinal pathogenic bacteria and promoting beneficial bacteria colonization. And the growth and development of intestinal villi, which can effectively improve the gastrointestinal health of animals, promote digestion and absorption, improve animal performance, reduce the use of antibiotics; at the same time, bio-acid can reduce the production of toxic and harmful gases in the intestine, improve the breeding environment and reduce environmental pollution. . The bio-acid product is green and safe, with no residue. It is an ideal choice for green farming and is conducive to the sustainable development of animal husbandry. 1 Bio-acid technology characteristics 1.1 Microencapsulation Technology The modern microcapsule coating technology protects the active substance from being consumed in the upper digestive tract, ensuring that it can reach the target site such as the small intestine and large intestine. Studies have shown that excessive addition of non-protective organic acids can induce negative feedback of gastric acid secretion, inhibit the normal secretion of gastric acid and normal development of gastric function in young animals, so it is not beneficial to animal health and production performance. The microencapsulated lipid matrix is ​​a special process for the organic combination of active substances and triglycerides. This method is quite different from ordinary encapsulation because only microencapsulation allows the active particles to be evenly distributed in the microparticulate structure, eventually forming a "dried sugar cake" granule (Fig. 1). This structure is effective in protecting the active ingredient, and the continuous heating in the granulation process for a short period of time does not affect the structure of the microparticles. 1.2 Slow release technology Slow release in the digestive tract and ensure that it is released at a fixed point. 15-20% of the bio-acid is released in the upper digestive tract (oral, esophagus, stomach and duodenum), and another 80% is released in the small intestine and large intestine, and is excreted <2% with feces. The inducing factor for the release of microparticulate active substances is lipase, mainly pancreatic lipase to digest microparticles from the surface, a small amount of lipase at the bottom of the stomach can only dissolve less than 20% of the microcapsule particles, and more than 80% of the bioacid particles are only After entering the duodenum, it gradually begins to dissolve, ensuring the sustained release of bio-acid into the intestinal lumen (Figure 2). Based on the anatomical characteristics of the digestive tract of different animals and the length of the gut of different animal ages, the bio-acid is carefully designed on the triglyceride matrix of pig and poultry products to obtain the optimal release time in the digestive tract of livestock and poultry. 1.3 Ingredients Safety The main components are fumaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, sorbic acid, and hydrogenated triglycerides. These substances are intermediate metabolites or normal nutrients in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, no residue, and ecologically friendly. 2 The difference between bio-acid and traditional acidifier 2.1 Slow release effect Traditional acidifiers are quickly absorbed in the stomach. The traditional acidifier added in a large amount inhibits the normal secretion of gastric acid and the normal development of gastric function. The unique sustained release technology of bioacid ensures only 15%~20 in the stomach. The release of % does not drastically change the pH of the stomach and does not cause negative feedback inhibition of hydrochloric acid secretion. 2.2 Release position Unprotected acid is rapidly degraded and metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract. It is almost completely digested and absorbed in the stomach and duodenum, and cannot reach the small intestine. It does not play a role in regulating the pH of the intestine, so it can not play a corresponding role. Physiological effects. More than 80% of the bio-acid protected by microcapsules reaches the duodenum through the stomach. Under the action of lipase, the microcapsules slowly dissolve, and gradually release the active active ingredient, bio-acid, which occurs mainly in the small intestine and the large intestine. Therefore, the microencapsulated bio-acid can directly affect the growth of intestinal flora, the digestion of nutrients, kill harmful bacteria, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, and enhance the absorption of mineral elements and other nutrients. 2.3 palatability The monomeric acid (such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc.) in the traditional acidifier has a small molecular weight, strong volatility, and obvious irritating odor, which will affect the feed intake of the animal, while the macromolecule The organic acid has a good effect on the palatability of the feed. In addition, the uncoated acidifying agent dissolves rapidly in the oral cavity, affecting palatability, while the microencapsulated bio-acid is rarely dissolved in the oral cavity and does not affect the palatability of the animal. 2.4 Stability Stability is often one of the important factors limiting the application of traditional acidifiers. The characteristics of traditional acidifiers determine that it is easy to affect the active ingredients such as enzymes, vitamins and drugs in the feed; it is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, so that the feed is damp; It is easy to react with alkaline components, reduce its efficacy, and cause ups and downs. The microencapsulated bio-acid is not easy to absorb moisture after coating treatment, has good fluidity and good stability, and does not bio-chemically react with other components in the feed, effectively avoiding many problems of traditional acidifier application. 2.5 Processing Safety Conventional acidifiers tend to corrode equipment, damage machinery, shorten equipment life, and increase maintenance costs during mixing, storage, and transportation. Microencapsulated coated bio-acids can effectively prevent worker health damage and corrosion of production equipment. 3 Biological acid inhibition molecular mechanism 3.1 Energy Competition Bio-acids can change the intracellular environment of harmful bacteria, forcing bacteria to release intracellular hydrogen ions by active transport to restore their own pH balance. This process consumes a large amount of ATP, which competes with the normal growth and metabolism of bacteria, and bio-acids act as a decoupling. The coupling removes the coupling between electron transfer and ATP formation, does not produce ATP during the process of pumping off the protons extracellularly, reduces the efficiency of bacterial productivity, and thus inhibits the normal growth of bacteria. 3.2 Permeabilized Bacterial Outer Membrane The bio-acid enters the periplasmic space through the outer membrane pore protein, protonating the lipopolysaccharide carboxyl group and the phosphate group, thereby weakening the interaction between the outer membrane components, and dissociation of the lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane protein components destroys the integrity of the outer membrane. Sexuality leads to the leakage of content. 3.3 Improve intracellular osmotic pressure After the organic acid enters the bacterial cells, the dissociation causes the acid ions to accumulate and the intracellular osmotic pressure increases. Therefore, the cells must release negatively charged ions, such as precursor substances or cofactors necessary for bacterial growth to balance the elevated cells. Internal osmotic pressure, thereby inhibiting the normal growth and metabolism of bacteria; at the same time, the proton released by bio-acid dissociation is pumped to the extracellular space by membrane transporter, and the pumping of potassium ions is exchanged, which further increases the transmembrane proton potential energy of the bacteria. The intracellular osmotic pressure is large, causing the bacterial cell plasma membrane to rupture and the contents to leak out, eventually leading to bacterial death. 3.4 Inhibition of Biomacromolecule Synthesis The intracellular enrichment of the acid acid of the acid acid firstly changes the cytoplasmic microenvironment, and interferes with the subsequent physiological and biochemical characteristics through cellular genetic information, including: interfering with or even blocking DNA synthesis in the nucleus, thereby inhibiting bacterial division and proliferation; Differences in transcription appear as differential transcription, leading to changes in metabolic pathways; inhibition of cellular metabolic activity by inactivation or denaturation of some key enzymes in bacterial metabolic pathways such as decarboxylase or catalase, resulting in inhibition of bacterial growth. 3.5 Inducing host to produce antibacterial peptides The bio-acid can regulate the host cell immune system, induce the host cell to produce antibacterial peptides, and kill it by destroying the bacterial cell membrane to achieve indirect antibacterial purposes. It is not easy to produce drug resistance, and the antimicrobial peptide is derived from the host itself, and its safety is higher. In summary, the microencapsulated bio-acid is a healthy and beneficial acidifying agent, which improves palatability and ensures the normal development of the gastrointestinal tract of the animal; it is a highly effective acidifying agent, and the sustained-release technology ensures that the active ingredient enters the intestine; it is a stable acidifying agent. Microencapsulated structure protection does not affect the activity of other nutrients in the feed. A new generation of feed acidifier, bio-acid, has successfully avoided many problems of traditional acidifiers with its advanced technology, and is more suitable for application in the feed industry, which will bring greater breeding benefits to the livestock industry.
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