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The first is to measure the soil. Soil testing is the premise of soil testing and formula fertilization. Through soil nutrient analysis and determination, it can accurately grasp soil nutrient status and fertilizer performance, and provide scientific basis for formula fertilization. Second, it should be formulated with good formula. Formulation is the key to fertilization. On the basis of soil testing, according to soil characteristics, cultivation habits, crop fertilizer requirements, production level and climate, combined with the yield level of the previous year, the target yield is determined, and then according to the effect of fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are proposed. The most suitable amount and the best ratio; the third is the fertilizer (for fertilizer). According to the formula requirements, select high-quality single-fertilizer or special fertilizer, compound fertilizer, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and other fertilizer varieties for scientific matching; Fourth, fertilization mode. According to soil type, crop growth characteristics and fertilizer requirements, the corresponding fertilization mode is formulated.
The amount of fertilizer required for rice is 2.0 to 2.4 kg per 100 kg of rice, 0.9 to 1.4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.5 to 2.9 kg of potassium oxide. Considering factors such as soil supply capacity, fertilizer utilization efficiency and production level, In the case of medium soil nutrient, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the applied fertilizer should be about 1:0.5:0.9.
3. Control nitrogen fertilizer. Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer in rice can promote the growth of rice plants, but excessive application will not only cause inefficient tillering, greening, lodging, and intensification of pests and diseases, but also lead to more empty mites, lower seed setting rate, and affect rice yield. Therefore, attention should be paid to controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer during the growth and development of rice.
4. Pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is an indispensable element for rice growth and development. It can enhance the activity of plants, promote nutrient synthesis and operation, enhance photosynthesis, extend the functional period of leaves, and make the grain full and full, and increase yield. Phosphate fertilizer is suitable for base fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer is better for topdressing.
5. Appropriate supplementation of trace elements.
The medium-quantity elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium and sulfur all have the effect of enhancing the resistance of rice plants, improving the disease resistance of plants and promoting the growth of rice. Practice shows that sulfur fertilizer is applied in sulfur-deficient soil and silicon fertilizer is applied in silicon-deficient soil. There is a significant increase in production. Trace elements such as zinc and boron can improve the supply of oxygen in rice roots, enhance the resistance of rice plants, improve the disease resistance of plants, promote the development of roots in the later stage, prolong the functional period of leaves, prevent premature aging, accelerate the development of flowers, and increase The amount of pollen promotes the germination of flower granules, which is conducive to increasing the rate of rice emergence; it can also promote the large number of spikes, increase the seed setting rate and the grain filling degree, thereby increasing rice yield.
(1) Total fertilization and ratio
(2) Fertilization program
1. Base fertilizer:
(2) Fertilizer: 7 to 9 kg of urea, 35 to 45 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate, 4 to 6 kg of potassium chloride and 1 kg of zinc sulfate.
2. Top dressing
(1) Tillering period: 5 to 7 kg of urea and 4 to 6 kg of potassium chloride;
(3) Heading period: 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.5 kg of urea sprayed on 50 kg of water to prevent premature aging
Rice soil testing and formula fertilization technology
First, the principle of fertilization 1. Rice soil testing formula fertilization should master the principle of soil production, production of fixed fertilizer, lack of supplement, organic and inorganic, balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
2. Apply enough base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mainly Organic Fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer, containing various nutrients, in addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, as well as sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium and various trace elements, the application of organic fertilizer can improve soil aeration performance, improve fertilizer and water retention performance, Promote the stable growth of rice plants, which is conducive to the high yield and quality of rice. Farmyard manure must use decomposed farmyard manure.
Second, high-yield rice fertilization mode reference
The soil testing formula of rice with a yield of 450-550 kg per mu is as follows:
The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilization should be about 1:0.5:0.9. The total amount is about 10 to 13 kg of nitrogen, 5 to 7 kg of diphosphorus oxide and 8 to 12 kg of potassium oxide.
(1) Organic fertilizer: Generally, the early rice is applied with 1000-2000 kg of fresh green manure or 500-1000 kg of manure or 60-80 kg of commercial organic fertilizer; late rice can use early rice straw to return to the field as organic fertilizer (returning rice for early rice straw) 1/2~2/3) or 500-1000 kg of manure or 80-100 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per acre; 500-1000 kg of manure per acre or 80-100 kg of commercial organic fertilizer.
(2) Booting stage: 6-8 kg of urea and 5-7 kg of potassium chloride;
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