Black peanut management technology

Black peanut was introduced from China National Petroleum Corporation in 1998. It is the first in China and abroad. It has high protein, high arginine, high selenium and high potassium. It has broad development prospects in health food and medical care.

First, the selection of peanuts on the plot is the flowering on the ground, and the crops in the underground result. The soil requirements are loose in the tillage layer, and the deep sandy loam in the active soil layer is most suitable. However, it is suitable to grow black peanuts with yellow brown loam. According to the Zhengyang soil census, the yellow-brown soil plot with more than 500kg of pods per 1/15 hectare is determined. The soil structure is more than 45cm of the thickness of the whole soil layer, and the matured tillage layer is about 30cm. The pod layer is a soft loam layer. The soil texture is a clay layer below l0cm; 10cm-30cm is a silt clay layer. In this soil structure, the pores of the capillary tube are small and large, the pores of the non-capillary tube are large and small, the permeability of the upper layer soil is good, the water storage capacity of the lower layer soil is strong, and the heat capacity is high, so that the water, fertilizer and gas in the soil are made. The heat is coordinated and unified, which is conducive to the growth of peanuts and the formation of pods.

Second, land preparation fertilization Before planting, choose a yellow brown soil block with deep soil, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. After the autumn harvest, deep ploughing is carried out. After the spring, the shallow ploughing is carried out, that is, the sorghum is deep and sturdy, and the sturdy shovel is flat, the ground is flat and smashed, no dark scorpion, no debris. Apply 2500kg-3000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, 20kg-25kg of diammonium, 10kg of urea and 12.5kg-15kg of potassium chloride.

Third, ridges for the growth and development of peanuts require loose soil and deep soil. Peanut ridges can effectively increase the soil layer and improve the soil permeability, which is conducive to irrigation and drainage. It can also promote the expansion of pods, increase the number of fruits, and reduce the fruit and rotten fruit. However, the ridge can be determined according to the soil texture. In the yellow brown soil block: the ridge width is 80cm, the ridge depth is 20cm-25cm, the ridge surface is 60cm wide, and the ridge height is 10cm. Before burrowing, apply “filling fat” to cultivate strong seedlings and enhance stamina.

4. Prevention and treatment of pests and weeds with 25% per acre with 10ml-15ml of water, 150ml of water, 15kg of peanuts, peanut stalk rot and root rot; 2kg of worms per acre, 2kg Spread the surface evenly before plowing the ground, 1kg is evenly spread before the plowing the ground for soil treatment to prevent underground hazards; 96% Jinduer 60ml-80ml per acre, 30kg to water, coated The former soil is closed to control various weeds of peanuts.

5. Reasonable close planting of black peanuts is broadcasted around April 15th. After sowing, the seeds are sown on the mulch covered with mulch, and each row is planted in two rows, planted in a wide and narrow line, with a narrow line of 30 cm and a width of 50 cm. Use a hole-fixing device to punch holes, the hole distance is 17cm, artificial sowing, 2 spots per spot, planting 9000 points per acre. After sowing, use moist fine soil on the hole in time to press on the small mound. The pile height and width are about 5cm each, to prevent the gas leakage after the film is lost.

Sixth, field management 1. Seedling replanting: due to poor seed quality, soil moisture, improper soil fertilization, pests and diseases, and low temperature and other environmental conditions, resulting in seed bud death, lack of seedlings. Therefore, in the seeding of 10 days to 15 days after the emergence of peanuts, the seedlings were found in time, and the phenomenon of lack of seedlings was found to promptly germination and replanting to ensure the whole seedling.

2. Punch and rupture film: After the mulch peanuts emerged, they should be punched and ruptured in time to release the seedlings. When placing the seedlings, the principle of “putting green and not putting seedlings, good seedlings” should be mastered. After the deployment, before 10 o'clock in the morning, after 4 pm, the membrane was broken, punched about 5 cm, and the leaves were gently peeled off by hand. Subsequent sealing will compact the film, otherwise it will burn the seedlings.

3. Pest control: At the end of May, when the aphid spots occur in the first half of June, use 25% Aketai 6g-10g per acre, or 44% worm oil 30ml-60ml plus water 30kg; in mid-June Use 10% of the groundworm to kill 2kg, mix the fine soil l0kg and apply ridges around the roots of peanuts to control cockroaches and golden worms; in early July, use 40% of Dakoning 80ml per acre, and spray 30kg of water for 1 to 2 times. Leaf spot, rust.

4. Watering in the early stage: In the flowering period, the pod-forming period, and the fullness of the pods, it is necessary to timely drought-resistant watering. Drought-resistant watering is best to use watering and sprinkling. Sprinkler irrigation should be properly extended to sprinkle irrigation time. The amount of water sprayed should be appropriately larger, so that there is a proper amount of water in the ditch to help moisten from the ditch into the ridge, and prevent the flooding. Ridge surface. After watering, when the wet and dry is suitable, the ditch will be ploughed once to prevent soil compaction in the ditch. Ensure that the needles are placed in time and the pods are swollen and firm. However, when encountering cockroaches, timely drainage, to prevent rotten fruit.

5. Control prosperous: In the period from the needle to the pod-forming period of the mulch peanut, with the rain during the rainy season, that is, the high temperature and high humidity come, it is easy to cause prolongation. In order to control the prosperous, it should be used in the late stage of the peanut needle to the early stage of the pod, or the height of the main stem is 35cm-40cm, about 20g per acre, and sprayed on the 40kg leaf surface for 1 to 2 times. It not only controls the growth, but also controls the gibberellin biosynthesis in peanut plants, reduces cell division and elongation, inhibits vegetative growth in the shoots, dwarfs the plants, thickens the leaves, and promotes the improvement of root vigor and photosynthetic products. Operation and distribution. Therefore, regulate physiological and biochemical functions, increase dry matter accumulation, improve quality, and increase yield.

6. To prevent premature aging, about 40 days before the harvest of peanuts, 1.5%-2% urea per acre plus 250 g-300 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 kg of water, foliar spray 2 times -3 times, each The interval should be between 7 days and 10 days, and the spray should be carried out after 4 pm. In order to extend the functional stage and photosynthesis of stems and leaves, enhance the absorption capacity of roots, promote dry matter accumulation, and increase yield.

Seven, timely harvest of peanuts improper harvest, premature harvest of pods is not full, the young shells of the fruit shells over the sputum, resulting in reduced production; harvest too late, fruit stalks, pods easy to fall off, not easy to harvest also caused production cuts. When the top of the peanut fruit leaves turn yellow, when the temperature is lower than 10 °C in the evening, the network of the shell is clear and hard, and the kernels are rosy before harvesting. At this time, the peanut pods are full, the fruit stalks are continuous, and the pods are not easy to fall off, ensuring high yield and high efficiency.