Development history of polymer materials

In the 15th century, the Maya of the Americas used natural rubber as a container, rain gear and other daily necessities.

In 1839, American Charles Goodyear discovered that natural rubber and sulphur co-heated significantly changed its properties, making it elastic, plastic, from the impractical nature of low hardness, hot and sticky softening, cold and brittle fracture. s material.

In 1869, American John Wesley Hyatt co-heated a mixture of nitrocellulose, camphor and ethanol under pressure to create the first synthetic plastic "celluloid".

In 1887, the Frenchman Count Hilaire de Chardonnet spun with a solution of nitrocellulose to produce the first rayon.

In 1909, American Leo Baekeland used phenol to react with formaldehyde to make the first fully synthetic plastic, phenolic resin.

In 1920, German Hermann Staudinger published a paper on "Polymerization". It is proposed that a polymer substance is a macromolecular compound, polymer or polymerization which is chemically bonded (polymerized) by a monomer having the same chemical structure and linked together by chemical bonds. The word word comes from this.

In 1926, the Swedish chemist Svidberg and others designed an ultracentrifuge to measure the molecular weight of the protein: it proved that the molecular weight of the polymer is indeed from tens of thousands to millions.

In 1926, American chemist Waldo Semon synthesized polyvinyl chloride and industrialized it in 1927.

In 1930, polystyrene (PS) was invented.

In 1932, Hermann Staudinger summed up his theory of macromolecules and published the epoch-making masterpiece "Polymer Organic Compounds" as a symbol of polymer chemistry as a new discipline.

In 1935, Wallace H. Carothers of the Department of Organic Chemistry of the DuPont Institute of Basic Chemistry synthesized polyamide 66, a nylon. Nylon was industrialized in 1938.

In 1930, Germans used sodium metal as a catalyst to synthesize butadiene rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber from butadiene.

In 1940, the British TR Whinfield synthesized polyester fiber (PET).

In the 1940s, Peter Debye invented a method for determining the molecular weight of a polymer by light scattering.

In 1948 Paul Flory established the mathematical theory of long-chain polymer structures.

In 1953, German Karl Ziegler and Italian Giulio Natta synthesized polyethylene and polypropylene using metal complex catalysts.

In 1955, Americans used the Ziegler-Natta catalyst to polymerize isoprene, and for the first time artificially synthesized synthetic natural rubber with the same structure as natural rubber.

In 1956 Szwarc proposed the concept of living polymerization. Polymers entered the era of molecular design.

In 1971, S. L Wolek invented Kevlar, which is resistant to high temperatures of 300 °C.

After 1970, new technologies for polymer synthesis continue to emerge, and new polymer materials emerge one after another.

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